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پستارسال شده در: پنج شنبه دي ماه 7, 1391 3:26 pm
توسط abdulrahman
1920s: The Great Depression

The 1920′s could be described as economic boom gone bust. The early 1900′s began with an advancing industrial revolution and ended with the Stock Market Crash of 1929. The trigger that caused the great depression began with the boom in sales of stocks in a bull market. It continued for six months into the start of the Hoover Administration in January 1929. Two market crashes within a short period of time in October 1929 leading some economists to refer to Thursday, October 24 and Tuesday, October 29, 1929 as the “Dead Cat Bounce” that initiated the great depression of the 1930′s. By 1932, stocks dropped to 90% of their values. A decade of overpriced stocks took two years to create the great depression that followed.
The Great Depression – The End Of An Economic Boom


Great Depression

For two decades, the US enjoyed an unparalleled economic boom as a result of widespread business growth and a general freewheeling attitude. World War I was over. Women were given the right to vote in 1912, Lindbergh was making strides in aviation and the 1920′s “roared” with jazz, bootlegged liquor and women shockingly smoking in public. Stocks continued to spiral upward in price. Suddenly, a “Dead Cat Bounce” occurred on two days in October 1929. Stock prices hit rock bottom and wild selling left banks with little in reserves to stabilize. A depression in an economic phase is referred to as a “depression”. Due to the severity of the economic depression in the 1930′s, this period was referred to as the great depression.



Hard Times For The Whole Country

The great depression lasted almost ten years. Millions of jobs were lost, all debt was called in for payment by banks scrambling to create financial reserves, until banks closed one after during the great depression. This brought on the emergence of “Hoovervilles”, shacks fashioned by the homeless, heated by old newspapers and charities providing food with bread lines and soup kitchens. The era of the great depression was echoed in the song, “Buddy, can you spare a dime?


reference:             us-history.com



پستارسال شده در: دوشنبه دي ماه 11, 1391 3:25 pm
توسط abdulrahman
Land, Civil Rights and War: American History



From the end of the Civil War to present, the history of the United States, U.S., has been filled with events that have shaped it. Three major classifications of events from the Civil War to present have left indelible marks on the U.S. On horseback and covered wagon, the U. S. would continue its Manifest Destiny and bring the West into its folds. While land was being gained, groups of the disenfranchised begin their treks to secure civil rights. The third classification from the Civil War to present has been wars.

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Civil War to present has seen U. S. battle Native Americans for lands of the West. From 1869 to 1876, the U. S. Calvary would engage in 200 skirmishes with various Native American tribes, including the Apache, Sioux, Cherokee and Comanche. Although General Custer experienced defeat at Little Big Horn in 1876, the feared Apache chief, Geronimo, was captured in 1886. Native Americans became one of U.S.’s disenfranchised groups.

From Civil War to present day, disenfranchised groups have fought for civil rights. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton played major roles in securing rights for women including the right to vote and the right to own property and make contracts. Although, black males gained the right to vote after the Civil War, the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, sanctioned segregation and condoned Jim Crow laws. In 1954, the Supreme Court ended segregation in its ruling on Brown v. Board of Education. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s nonviolent call to action in the 1960s continued the long haul to achieving Civil Rights for African Americans. Five tribes of American Indians received citizenship in 1901. All Native Americans received citizenship in 1924.

War with American Indians is only one of the wars the U.S. engaged in from the Civil War to present. A war with Spain in 1898 lasted three months and brought Puerto Rico under U.S. control. The Viet Nam War which lasted 10 years, 1963 to 1973, spawned the Hippie movement calling for peace. World War 1, 1914 to 1919, took Americans from home to fight on foreign soil. In 1941, Americans joined World War 11, 1938 to 1945, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Since the attack on the World Trade Center in 2001, the U. S. has been engaged in a war against terrorism!!! centered in Iraq and Afghanistan.

There are many factors that have shaped the U.S from the Civil war to present. Three of these were the desire for land, the fight for civil rights and wars
.

reference: us-history.com


پستارسال شده در: شنبه بهمن ماه 14, 1391 11:48 pm
توسط abdulrahman
چرا نمی توانم این پست را ادامه دهم؟
مدیر محترم نه تنها در اینجا بلکه می خواهم یک پست جدید به انگلیسی بگذارم نمی توانم...

پستارسال شده در: يکشنبه بهمن ماه 15, 1391 7:59 pm
توسط tarannom
Dear user peace be with you

I Thank you for creating this topic

GOD bless you


پستارسال شده در: شنبه بهمن ماه 28, 1391 4:56 pm
توسط abdulrahman
Consequences of the French Revolution

There is universal agreement that the political and administrative face of France was wholly altered: a republic based around elected – mainly bourgeois - deputies replaced a monarchy supported by nobles while the many and varied feudal systems were replaced by new, usually elected institutions which were applied universally across France. Culture was also affected, at least in the short term, with the revolution permeating every creative endeavour. However, there is still debate over whether the revolution permanently changed the social structures of France or whether they were only altered in the short term

Europe was also changed. The revolutionaries of 1792 began a war which extended through the Imperial period and forced nations to marshal their resources to a greater extent than ever before. Some areas, like Belgium and Switzerland, became client states of France with reforms similar to those of the revolution. National identities also began coalescing like never before. The many and fast developing ideologies of the revolution were also spread across Europe, helped by French being the continental elite’s dominant language. The French Revolution has often been called the start of the modern world, and whole this is an exaggeration – many of the supposed ‘revolutionary’ developments had precursors – it was an epochal event that permanently changed the European mindset. Patriotism, devotion to the state instead of the monarch, mass warfare, all became solidified in the modern mind

پستارسال شده در: يکشنبه بهمن ماه 29, 1391 2:20 pm
توسط tarannom

I Thank you for creating this topic

please write it down in persian too.


may be some one does  not understand it

GOD bless you




پستارسال شده در: دوشنبه بهمن ماه 29, 1391 1:44 am
توسط CafeWeb
Hello and thank you, Mr. Wahabi

It was a good article about the Consequences of the French Revolution
Sorry Persian word meaning "  coalescing " What is?


I'm waiting for the next article ... Thanks


پستارسال شده در: دوشنبه بهمن ماه 30, 1391 4:25 pm
توسط tarannom
CafeWeb نوشته است:
Hello and thank you, Mr. Wahabi

It was a good article about the Consequences of the French Revolution
Sorry Persian word meaning "  coalescing " What is?


I'm waiting for the next article ... Thanks





Hello I Think the word  coalescing meainig is          


اتحاد /به هم پیوستن / ادغام/

پستارسال شده در: دوشنبه بهمن ماه 30, 1391 10:43 pm
توسط abdulrahman
[hi every body
excuseme beacuse of delay in answering
if we continue just in English i think it is better. .      . i mean this trieng to understanding will help us so much...so let me continue in just english
dear cafeweb i think tarranom is right
with best regards
i will continue this topic soon god willing

پستارسال شده در: دوشنبه بهمن ماه 30, 1391 10:52 pm
توسط tarannom
abdulrahman نوشته است:
[hi every body
excuseme beacuse of delay in answering
if we continue just in English i think it is better. .      . i mean this trieng to understanding will help us so much...so let me continue in just english
dear cafeweb i think tarranom is right
with best regards
i will continue this topic soon god willing




Thanks a lot

I agree with you

GOD bless you


پستارسال شده در: دوشنبه بهمن ماه 30, 1391 11:01 pm
توسط jamal
Nice sharing! Thanks. Keep going
I also listened to the song “Buddy can you spare a dime?” It was Nice song

پستارسال شده در: پنج شنبه اسفند ماه 3, 1391 1:28 pm
توسط abdulrahman
I Have a Dream is a public speech by American activist Martin Luther King, Jr. It was delivered by King on the afternoon of Wednesday, August 28, 1963, in which he called for an end to racism in the United States. The speech, delivered to over 200,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement

Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863, King examines that "one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.At the end of the speech, King departed from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration on the theme of "I have a dream", possibly prompted by Mahalia Jackson's cry, "Tell them about the dream, Martin!" In this part of the speech, which most excited the listeners and has now become the most famous, King described dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of slavery and hatred. The speech was ranked the top American speech of the 20th century by a 1999 poll of scholars of public address

this is a part of this speech
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers
I have a dream today
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day

And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania

, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last


پستارسال شده در: شنبه فروردين ماه 24, 1392 9:30 pm
توسط abdulrahman
!!!!!!!!Hello every one....first forgive me because of long delay....the reason of this delay was lack of internet



Al-Anfal Campaign


A street of Halabja after the attack (A photo by Iranian photographer Sayeed Janbozorgi)


Beyond using traditional warfare techniques the Ba’ath engaged in the use of chemical weapons against the Kurds during the al-Anfal campaign of 1987-1988. A total onslaught began against the Kurdish people that eventually killed tens of thousands of Kurds and displaced at least one million of the Kurdish population to Iran and Turkey.[10] Ali Hassan al-Majid, nicknamed “Chemical Ali,” led the three step process of “village collectivization": the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages and the relocation of their residents to concentration camps, mujamma’at.[9] This campaign was the first documented use of chemical weapons by a government against its own civilians. The process of village collectivization violated widespread human rights, it is an example of systematic genocide that went unchecked by the global community.

Al-Majid and his commanding officers warned if the pershmerga did not lay down their arms and allow the cleansing program to continue peacefully the army would stop the pershmerga with chemical weapons. Iraq had signed the 1925 Geneva Protocol outlawing the production and use of chemical and biological weapons, however this did not stop al-Majid from giving the OK to the army to proceed with the deployment of shells carrying the deadly weapons. This was the first time a government used chemical weapons against its own civilian population.

The Iraqi government and leaders behind the campaign were not punished for their campaign of genocide or the violations against the Geneva Protocol of 1928.




Re:

پستارسال شده در: چهارشنبه ارديبهشت ماه 11, 1392 3:17 pm
توسط Ali-Reza-Ghafari
tarannom نوشته است:Dear user peace be with you

I Thank you for creating this topic

GOD bless you

hi there, I think it would be necessary to underline some mistakes which have been taken place,: dear user peace be with you is incorrect ,it must be : Dear user peace be upon you.

Re:

پستارسال شده در: چهارشنبه ارديبهشت ماه 11, 1392 4:08 pm
توسط Ali-Reza-Ghafari
abdulrahman نوشته است:
[hi every body
excuseme beacuse of delay in answering
if we continue just in English i think it is better. .      . i mean this trieng to understanding will help us so much...so let me continue in just english
dear cafeweb i think tarranom is right
with best regards
i will continue this topic soon god willing


Dear  sir, generally when you write  a conditional sentence two important  points  should be noted : 1. the sentence which is  written along with 'if' 2. the answer of the condition which should be written along with modals  ,I mean : can , could ,...
accordingly, the correct form of this sentence : if we continue just in English i think it is better,must be :if we continue in just English it would be better.